Beware of Heat Exhaustion, Know the Signs

Heat exhaustion is a condition that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system is overloaded due to excessive heat, humidity, and physical activity. It is a mild to moderate heat-related illness that can develop before heat stroke.

Symptoms:

• Cool, moist skin (not hot and dry like in heat stroke)
• Pale, ashen (gray) or flushed complexion
• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting
• Weakness or fatigue
• Rapid pulse
• Low blood pressure

Causes:

• Prolonged exposure to high temperatures (above 32°C).
• Inadequate fluid intake or dehydration.
• Physical activity in hot environments.
• Humidity, especially in combination with high temperatures.
• Certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or kidney disease.
• Medications, such as diuretics, antihistamines, and beta-blockers.

Treatment:

• Move to a cool place: Get the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
• Remove excess clothing: Remove unnecessary clothing to help cool the body.
• Apply cool compresses: Use cool, wet cloths or towels to cool the skin. Avoid direct contact with ice or cold water.
• Give cool drinks: Offer cool water or sports drinks to help replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
• Monitor and rest: Keep the person calm and rested until they recover.

When to seek medical attention:

• If symptoms worsen or persist after 30 minutes of treatment.
• If the person is unable to drink fluids or shows signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dark urine, rapid heartbeat).
• If the person has a pre-existing medical condition or is taking certain medications.
• If you are unsure about the severity of the condition or the person’s response to treatment.
Remember, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke if left untreated. If you suspect someone has heat exhaustion, take immediate action and seek medical help if necessary.

Factors Contributing to Heat Exhaustion:

• Age: Older adults, babies, and young children are more susceptible to heat exhaustion due to decreased physiological reserves.
• Underlying medical conditions: People with chronic health issues, such as kidney or lung disease, are more prone to heat exhaustion.
• Social isolation: Individuals without access to air-conditioned spaces or social support networks may be at higher risk.
• Climate change: Rising temperatures and more frequent heatwaves increase the likelihood of heat exhaustion.

Prevention and Treatment:

• Take steps to keep cool, stay hydrated, and plan ahead for hot weather or physical activity.
• Schedule workouts or strenuous activities during cooler times of the day or opt for indoor activities in air-conditioned spaces.
• Acclimatize to heat by gradually increasing exposure and physical activity levels.
• Recognize symptoms of heat exhaustion and seek medical attention if they persist or worsen.

In summary, while sun exposure can contribute to heat exhaustion, it is not the sole cause. Heat exhaustion can occur in any setting where the body is exposed to excessive heat, regardless of sun exposure.